VILCABAMBA, VITCOS, ESPIRITU PAMPA
& MACHU PICHU (7 DAYS - 6 NIGHTS)
Vilcabamba (refuge of the last Inkas), Vitcos (fortified palace, residence of rebel Inka Kings), Espiritu Pampa (last capital of the Inka empire) and Machupicchu (the lost city)

We recommend two days predeparture to aclimate. We have the city tour of Cusco Inca arqueological sites. Also the sacred valley of the Incas full day tour

The Inca road system was the most extensive and highly advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America. The network was based on two north-south roads, with numerous branches. The best known portion of the road system is the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.

Main routes The eastern route ran high in the puna and mountain valleys ffrom Quito, Ecuador to Cusco, Peru (The capital of the Inca Empire) to Mendoza, Argentina. The western route followed the coastal plain except in coastal deserts where it hugged the foothills. More than twenty routes ran over the western mountains, while others traversed the eastern cordillera in the mountains and lowlands. Some of these roads reach heights of over 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) above sea level. The trails connected the regions of the Inca empire from the northern provincial capital in Quito, Ecuador past the modern city of Santiago, Chile in the south. The Inca road system linked together about 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) of roadway and provided access to over 3,000,000 square kilometres (1,200,000 sq mi) of territory.

Situated between 500 to 800 meters (1,600 to 2,600 ft) above sea level, this monumental road, which could reach 20 metres (66 ft) in width, connected populated areas, administrative centers, agricultural and mining zones as well as ceremonial centers and sacred spaces. These roads provided easy, reliable and quick routes for the Empire's civilian and military communications, personnel movement, and logistical support. The prime users were imperial soldiers, porters and llama caravans, along with the nobility and individuals on official duty. Permission was required before others could walk along the roads, and tolls were charged at some bridges. Although the Inca roads varied greatly in scale, construction and appearance, for the most part they varied between about 1 to 4 meters (3.3 to 13 ft) in width.

Much of the system was the result of the Incas claiming exclusive right over numerous traditional routes, some of which had been built centuries earlier. Many new sections were built or upgraded substantially: through Chile's Atacama desert, and along the western margin of Lake Titicaca, serve as two examples. The Qhapaq Ñan (English: Great Inca Road, or Main Andean Road, and meaning "the beautiful road") constituted the principal north-south highway of the Inca Empire traveling 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) along the spine of the Andes.

The Qhapaq Ñan unified this immense and heterogeneous empire through a well-organized political system of power. It allowed the Inca to control his Empire and to send troops as needed from the capital, Cusco.

The most important Inca road was the Camino Real, as it is known in Spanish, with a length of 5,200 kilometres (3,200 mi)). It began in Quito, Ecuador, passed through Cusco, and ended in what is now Tucumán, Argentina. The Camino Real traversed the mountain ranges of the Andes, with peak altitudes of more than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). El Camino de la Costa, the coastal trail, with a length of 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi), ran parallel to the sea and was linked with the Camino Real by many smaller routes.

Itinerary
This unique trip visits several Inka archeological sites of historical importance and features abundant observation of wildlife and flora within the multiplicity of Andean ecosystems, as well as a jungle experience. The setting is the Region of the Cordillera Vilcabamba, where enormous glaciated massifs –individually separated from one another by intervals of densely vegetated terrain- suddenly thrust upward from the jungle and cloud forest to loom at altitudes of 20,000 feet. A truly remarkable environment. Nevertheless, this is not an extremely demanding trip. Enjoy a milder type of adventure, rewarding in mind., body and spirit.

Day one: Cusco, Santa Maria river, Huancacalle.
Departing Cusco at daybreak, we drive through the Sacred Valley of the Vilcanota River and tour the area around the ancient remains of the once-great Inka City of Ollantaytambo. The architecture, the dress of the local inhabitants and the impressively massive stone constructions from times past, make for a notably photogenic setting. We then continue our sojourn, leaving the valley bottom and begin to ascend, passing various inter-Andean valleys, to reach the summit of the high mountain pass known as Abra de Malaga (alt 4315mts). The ensuing descent down the other side takes us through a succession of small eastern-slope Andean ravines valleys as the environment rapidly becomes more densely vegetated and forested. Also there is an optional mountain bike descend middle to moderate about 3 hours. By middle of the day -after a bus ride- we come upon the Santa Maria River, starting point of our (optional) rafting experience in class II and class III water.  We will have lunch on the River. After the river trip we drive further on for about 1 hours more to eventually arrive by late afternoon in the village of Huancacalle (alt.:11,000 ft) where will camp out. (L, D)Camping

This is a good opportunity to observe the native arboreal flora represented by tress such as the Llaulli (Bernadesia horrida) from the asteracea family, as well the copious and giant leguminous Pisonay (Erythrina edulis) from the fabacea family.

The avian fauna is represented by an assortment of Hummingbirds: Sparkling Violet Ear (Colibri coruscans) and the Giant Humming Bird (Patagonia gigas), to name a few, as well as by other interesting species among which is to be noted the White-Eyed Parakeet (Aratinga leucophalmus).

Day two: Huancacalle to Mullupunku.
After a good and substantial breakfast in Huancacalle, we set off early on a 3-hour round trip hike to the archaeological sites of Vitcos (one of the last Inka redoubts, seat of a fortified palace complex featuring magnificent masonry and walling) and the nearby ceremonial site of Ñusta Hispana (or Chuquipalta) centered on an enormous granite boulder carved in-situ, surrounded by finely wrought thrones and niches. Following this remarkable exploration, we return to HuancacalleThem we begin our ascending to the Pampaconas pass (3900mts) for about 5 hours. After lunch we have 2 hours more to Mullupunku. We are afforded the great opportunity of viewing a substantial amount of indigenous flora and fauna representative of the different ecosystems in the area. Once atop Pampacona pass we indulge in a light yet energy-rich lunch, followed by a small break for rest and relaxation. Soon, we are ready to continue. Here, another optional feature presents itself in the form of choosing to the descend the hither side of the pass on mountain bikes, or walking. Either way leads us through the usual assortment of highland and midland Andean Valleys to our next camp, which lies situated in the proximity of Mullupunku (alt.:10,000 ft.) and counts with a grand view of the mountains and snowcapped peaks in the region.. The nighttime –with the generous cooperation of fine weather- provides a wonderful opportunity for star gazing, sky watching and scrutinizing the many constellations. (B, L, D)

This spot also offers fauna and flora enthusiasts with possibility of closely observing that most ubiquitous of cacti: the Tuna (Opuntia ficus indica), known as Nopal in Central America and Prickly Pear in North America. The birdwatchers will revel in the sight of the Tanca (Muranta armata), Mutuy (Senna birostris) and also the Speckled Hummingbird (Adelomyia malanogenys), the Blue and White Swallow (Notiochelidon cyanoleuca), the Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) and the Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus mega lopterus). (B, L, D)Today is about 7 hours hiking and 15 kilometers.

Day three: Mullupunku to Linda Vista,
On this day we begin our hike of approx. 8 hours from near Mullupunku to Linda Vista. We pass through Andean semi dry valleys and cloud forest. There many opportunities to contemplate and study many examples of the flora and fauna typical of those ecosystems. We stop at the village of Ututo for lunch accompanied by a refreshing dip in the nearby river. Later on we read Linda Vista where our camp has been setup near the river. We also get a close look an original Inka Road used by the last Inkas as late as the year 1572. There are good opportunities to see Maqui Maqui (Oreopanax ischnolobus), Maguey (Furcrasea andina) and the Queñua Tree (Polilepis incana), as well as Treeferns (Cyathea caracasana).

Among the more interesting examples of bird life to be observed are the Scarlet Bellied Mountain Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris) and the Blue and Gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus).

To top it all off, there are numerous opportunities –as well as reasons- for refreshing swims in the river. (B, L, D).Today we hike for about 7 hours and cover 15 kilometers.

Day four: Linda Vista to Consevidayoc.
Today brings with it an excellent outdoor breakfast to the accompaniment of the sounds of the jungle. About 8 hours’ of hiking will take us into the unknown and mysterious cloud forest and the delight in observing its abundant flora and fauna. We make a prolonged stop at a point of confluence of two rivers. Here, almost 500 years ago, Inka forces organized a well concerned attack against the Spanish host. .From this point and commanding position, the Inkas held a wide spanning view of the surrounding valleys and passes. The availed themselves of the strategic advantage they held in sighting the invaders and –at a given moment- unleashed a destructive strike upon the Spaniards, including the dislodging of huge boulders and debris from the height of the surrounding cliff. The Spanish force was nearly destroyed and the final conquest and capture of Vilcabamba was temporarily thwarted and delayed. We then resume our hiking through the increasingly more pronounced river canyon –with the alluring possibility in store, of visiting some previously unexplored or unknown archaeological sites extant in the midst of the thickening cloud-forest. In the late afternoon we pull into Concevidayoc (alt.: 4,500 ft) and camp. The tour de force of this new site is the profusion of Epiphytic Orchids, such as the much esteemed and popular Epidendrum secundum –known as “Wiñay Wayna” (meaning “Forever Young” in the native Quechua language), as well as Wakanky (Masdevaliaveitchiana), Fuchsias (Fuchsia boliviana), Begonias (Begonia veitchii), and more. Not to be outdone, the Bird life makes its presence with the Russet Backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons), the Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater) and, not least of all, the Great Breasted Mountain Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca). (B, L, D) Today we hike for about 7 hours and cover 16 kilometers.

Day five: Consevidayoc to Espiritu Pampa.
In the wake of our customary and infallibly superb breakfast, we set off from Concevidayoc and hike for about 2 hours to visit the celebrated Inka City of Vilcabamba the Great, or the “Old”, which is situated in a thickly forested alluvial plain now bearing the Spanish toponym of “Espiritu Pampa”. This was –in effect- the last Royal Seat of Power and Capital of the “rebel” Inkas. Its capture in the 1570’s and the ensuing execution of the last Inka king, Tupac Amaru I, sealed the fate of the indigenous cause. The conquest became complete. Approaching the entranceway to the city, one walks upon a splendid and well built Inka road paved with ashlars, which well deserves being considered beautiful. We check into our camp which has been pitched nearby and make preparations to go on an exploratory expedition. of the renowned archaeological site. A 20 minute hike brings us the hike to the Inka city, embarking upon detailed and fascinating tours and discoveries for the remainder of the day. We partake of a picnic lunch near the archaeological site. It is late afternoon, virtually evening, by the time we go back to our camp. There lies awaiting for us a well deserved and delectable dinner followed by the joyous reveling in the great starry sky and the sounds of the forest. (B, L, D)Today we hike for about 2 hours and cover the distance of 5 kilometers.

Day six: Espiritu Paampa to Chaunquiri to Hidroelectrica, Aguas Calientes.
Another early start assuaged by a glorious breakfast; we resume our hiking following a North by East course through the cloud forest and the canyon of the Cosireni River. In about one and a half hours we come upon a motor road head near the town of Chaunguiri. This is the agreed rendezvous point to meet our bus, and sure enough, there it is. A period of organizing equipment and packing is soon after followed by approximately 6 hours’ bus drive to the train station situated near the town of Santa Teresa whence we shall board the uphill train for one more our and a half pull as far as the Town of Aguas Calientes (Municipality of Machu Picchu), a colorful jungle town located on the right margin of the Urubamba River. Several thousand feet above, perched –if not delicately balanced-on a steep ridge, lies the Inka Citadel of Machupicchu. This site –which remained uncovered for close to 500 years until its discovery in July of 1911- represents the only extant example of an intact urban center. It was never visited, besieged looted or dismantled by the conquering Spaniards, hence its pristine condition. Time and research has also proven that –contrary to initial theories- Machu Picchu is, or was, not an isolated sanctuary, but rather the center of a mayor urban hub, crisscrossed by roads and surrounded by several score complementary urban sites, astronomical observatories, etc.

We camp that night in the vicinity of Aguas Calientes, below the Inka city of Machupicchu, close by the roaring torrent of the Urubamba River carving its relentless way through the mountains to finally spill out into the vast plain of the Amazon Jungle. A welcome time to relax and perhaps delight in the local the hot springs. (B, L) hotel.Today we hike for about 2 hours and 4 kilometers.

Day seven: Machu Picchu.
Relaxation notwithstanding, an early start remains as the rule. In this case, a very necessary one in order to successfully seat ourselves aboard the first small that shuttles visitors from the valley bottom up to the fabled ruins. The zig zagging ride up the steep mountain slope lasts about 25 minutes. We have arrived and begin a 2-hour long tour of the vast complex, now one of the seven new wonders of the world. Once this has concluded, we will have the chance to hike on one of the original Inka Royal Roads coming from Cusco (about 2 hours), which enter Machu Pichu from above. From the scenic overlook known as Inti Punku (the Gateway of the Sun) will enjoy a light lunch against the spectacular backdrop of the entire Inka citadel. Come mid-afternoon everyone gets free quality time of their in the ruins. By late afternoon we descend on bus to Aguas Calient.es and board the train back to Cusco. (B, L,) Hotel.

Included

All equipment.

Meals.

Lodge.

Hotels.

Equipment and gear.

Transportation.

Sleeping bag.

Tents and mattresses (all seasons).

Bus.

Horses handlers.

Train.

Tours.

Admission Tickets.

Guides.

First aid, bottle of oxygen.

Radio communication.

What to bring
This is a list designed to advise you what equipment is appropriate to bring according to the weather conditions predominating at the time of your trip:

Flashlights (at least one headlamp among them).

Sun Block; Insect Repellent.

Towels (Small; cotton and hygienic).

Rain Gear (Pants and Jacket) though not necessary during the months of July and August.

A couple of pairs of socks, perhaps even an extra pair.

One pair of trousers for the evening plus two more pairs for trail use (zipp-offs).

Sandals for River use (Teva types).

Low ankle height hiking shoes or regular hiking boots (check the season).

Reading material.

Binoculars (always useful regardless of season and activity).

Bathing Suit.

Water Bottle (I liter capacity).

Good Sun glasses, perhaps two sets.

A bandana for neck protection.

A couple of sets of underwear (perhaps an extra pair).

Camera and plenty of film.

Passport (plus a couple of Xerox copies).

At least one short sleeve shirt and one or two long sleeve shirts (dark colors, depending on the place and destiny chosen).

And your regular medium to high altitude outer trekking clothes (Anorak-Wind Breaker, Pile or Down Jacket, Wool Hat, Gloves).

Any questions, consults and information, contact us at:

Mail: info@cuscomachupicchu.com

Phone: (0051 - 84) - 984764938